In the sphere of political empowerment, the Muslims have a very dismal picture in the ratio of the presence of the Muslims in Union Parliament, State Legislatures and in other elected bodies which certainly affect their concerns and legitimate needs. In fact, the main purpose of democracy in a diverse and plural society like India is to give opportunity to its citizens belonging to different socio-religious communities to get their voices heard in elected bodies where policies are discussed and debated. Democratic polity in a Plural Society needs to be Inclusive, Deliberate, Consociational and Shared for creating a concurrent majority to serve the interest of all the sections of society. The main purpose of the creation and maintenance of elected bodies is to promote the sense of security, equity, justice and confidence among minorities by creating a non-majoritarian polity. The purpose of democracy is to create either a liberal society as a political community on the basis of ‘common citizenship criteria’ or to accommodate the legitimate concerns of the empowerment of the deprived and backward communities on the basis of ‘differential rights’ for unity in diversity.

In other words, the main objective of democracy in a country like India is not only to create ‘institutional reality’ but also to achieve ‘operational reality’ for the building a viable polity and integrated society. It needs to create a great concern for the ‘other’ and not to jeorpardise other on any ground. Many scholars in Western Europe have raised serious concerns over the accountability of a democratic polity for minorities and particularly those which are backward, excluded and discriminated. It is in this context, there is need to situate the Muslims in the governance of the country. If the backward section of Indian society, particularly the Muslims who are from all accounts proven Backward and Under-represented in almost all sectors of powers and influence, is given representation and share in various branches of the government like Executive, Judiciary and legislature at the Union and state levels and in their allied sectors and sub-sectors, then they will be unable to secure their rights and to protect their interests like those who are represented. It is important to recall that the institutions of governance both elected, and constituted (on the basis of merit tests) are basically meant to facilitate the demands of the citizens who have equal takes in governance. There were at least 10 Articles (292-301) in the Draft Constitution of 1948 as political safeguards for minorities. However, they were withdrawn by the Constituent Assembly of India in May 1949 (which had approved this demand unanimously on 27 August 1947) on the main grounds. The first was to trust the ‘good-will’ of the majority community and the second was to create a just polity based on equality and justice for fair share in governance. However, the consolidation of the kind of political culture in the regions and the country over about six decades didn’t show result on expected lines. Except the two Lok Sabhas of 1980 and 1984 (when the Muslims had 9% share), their share has ranged from 4.4 to 6.2%. In fact, the very first General Election in the country in 1952, only 22 Muslims were elected in the Lok Sabha out of 499 Members. The data given below clearly indicates the facts mentioned above.