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Social Backwardness

The most striking feature is the relatively high share of Muslim workers engaged in self-employment activity. This is particularly in urban areas and for women workers. Taken together, the three self-employed categories (own account worker/employer/unpaid family worker) constitute about 61% of the total Muslim workforce as compared to 55% of the Hindu workers. As employees (participation in salaried jobs), Muslims generally work as casual labourers. Like SC/ST, their share in public and private sectors is quite low. Lack of access to regular jobs, especially in the public sector has been a general concern among the Muslim population. In the aggregate while 25% of Hindu-UC workers are engaged in regular jobs, only about 13% of Muslim workers are engaged in such jobs. (p. 92). Participation of Muslims in regular jobs is quite limited as compared to even the traditionally disadvantaged SCs/STs. Only 27% of the Muslim workers in urban areas are engaged in regular work while the share of such workers among SCs/STs, OBCs and Hindu-UC workers is 40, 36 and 49 per cent respectively. (p. 93). The poor conditions of work are also reflected in lower earnings. Muslim regular workers get lower daily salary earnings in both public and private sectors’ jobs than workers of most other socio-religious communities.

 
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