Social
Backwardness
The
most striking feature is the relatively high
share of Muslim workers engaged in self-employment
activity. This is particularly in urban areas
and for women workers. Taken together, the three
self-employed categories (own account worker/employer/unpaid
family worker) constitute about 61% of the total
Muslim workforce as compared to 55% of the Hindu
workers. As employees (participation in salaried
jobs), Muslims generally work as casual labourers.
Like SC/ST, their share in public and private
sectors is quite low. Lack of access to regular
jobs, especially in the public sector has been
a general concern among the Muslim population.
In the aggregate while 25% of Hindu-UC workers
are engaged in regular jobs, only about 13%
of Muslim workers are engaged in such jobs.
(p. 92). Participation of Muslims in regular
jobs is quite limited as compared to even the
traditionally disadvantaged SCs/STs. Only 27%
of the Muslim workers in urban areas are engaged
in regular work while the share of such workers
among SCs/STs, OBCs and Hindu-UC workers is
40, 36 and 49 per cent respectively. (p. 93).
The poor conditions of work are also reflected
in lower earnings. Muslim regular workers get
lower daily salary earnings in both public and
private sectors’ jobs than workers of
most other socio-religious communities.
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